The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde - 1577 Words

The plot of Robert Louis Stevenson’s legendary novella, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, is relatively well known. A scientist, Dr. Henry Jekyll, tries to separate his inner good from evil and ends up with an alter ego, Edward Hyde. While Hyde, he commits numerous atrocities, including trampling a child and beating Sir Danvers Carew to death with a walking stick. The story is mostly written from the point of view of Mr. Gabriel Utterson, a lawyer who is friends with Jekyll and eventually pieces together the mystery of his dual nature. Scholars have written countless articles on the duality of man in the novella, but few focus on the implications of the crimes that Jekyll commits as Hyde. In ending the saga of Mr. Hyde with Dr. Jekyll’s suicide, it is evident that Stevenson intended for readers to come to their own conclusions as to Jekyll’s guilt, as well as how he should be held accountable. This is complicated by the fact that, by committing suicide , Dr. Jekyll could be considered mentally ill by law. The legal system in Victorian England arguably treated the mentally ill unfairly, so in having Dr. Jekyll commit suicide, Stevenson could show this unfair treatment to the public. In Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Stevenson couples the character of Dr. Jekyll with his legal and medical knowledge to suggest that the unjust way the Victorian legal system and dealt with the mentally ill needed to be reformed. Stevenson’s background suggests that he had a wealth ofShow MoreRelatedThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay Robert Louis Stevenson’s novella, â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,† is a type of Gothic literature. In the beginning of the story when Stevenson is describing the lawyer, one â€Å"Mr. Utterson,† the mood is a bit dull. At first glance the reader may think that this story would be a bit boring and drab. Stevenson’s story is far from being another dull piece of British English literature. The setting and mood of this novella are more complexRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesStevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a novella that follows the basic outline established by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein. However, Stevenson’s monster is not created from body parts but comes from the dark side of the human personality. In both novels, a man conducts a secret experiment that gets out of control. The result of these experiments is the release of a double, or doppelgan ger, which causes damage to their creator. While most people think that The Strange Case of Dr. JekyllRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1440 Words   |  6 Pagescomplexity of human nature in his books, especially in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and Kidnapped. The former is about a lawyer named Mr. Utterson seeking out the truth of Dr. Jekyll’s very strange will. He finds out that Jekyll was transforming himself into Mr. Hyde so that he could have the freedom to do whatever he wanted no matter how evil. By the time Utterson finds all this out and findsJekyll, he is too late and Jekyll has already killed himself. The latter is about David BalfourRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1196 Words   |  5 Pageswhich do let control you? The good or evil? This was a question that Dr. Jekyll from the book, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, could not answer. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a book about a man who cannot control the two sides of himself, causing him to do terrible things and not even be aware of it. The theme of this book is good versus evil. Dr. Jekyll is fighting his evil side, known as Mr. Hyde, throughout the book. Some people believe that the book’s theme hasRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde938 Words   |  4 PagesVictorian Hopes and Fears Involving Science as Found in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde During the Victorian Era there was a great race to use science to alleviate the suffering of the ill, specifically for those patients who were suffering from ailments of the mind. While some of the methods used to diagnose and treat such afflictions would be considered barbaric in nature by today’s standards, they were considered cutting edge medical science during the time of the Victorian Era. It was also consideredRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde964 Words   |  4 PagesThe Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written by Robert Louis Stevenson was published in 1886. The story is published during the Victorian era, the Victorian era was an age of repression, there was no violence, no sexual appetite, and there was no great expression or emotion. In the story, Dr. Jekyll creates a potion that turns him into Mr. Hyde, Mr. Hyde is the complete opposite of what people are in the Victorian era. At first, Dr. Jekyll is in control of Mr. Hyde, but towards t he end MrRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1505 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the latter portion of the nineteenth century, Robert Louis Stevenson published his novella, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. The fin de sià ¨cle saw the rise of different thoughts and ideas surrounding science and society. These concepts and interpretations sparked the discourse surrounding the theory of degeneration; which was the concern that civilization would fall to a lower state of being. This chapter will be reading multiplex personality as a manifestation of this broader culturalRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1739 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde† by Robert Louis Stevenson, the novel â€Å"Frankenstein† by Mary Shelley, the short story â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw† by W.W Jacobs and the short story â€Å"Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. These four texts convey this theme through the use of gothic conventions such as death, madness and darkness. In the novels The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll are wronglyRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1351 Words   |  6 PagesThe Personas of Henry Jekyll Every person is born with bright and dark personas that people moderate due to the standards of society. In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Jekyll and Hyde battle for the power to stay alive in the story. As Jekyll continues to try and take over his evil persona, Hyde tries to stay alive and cause evil in the world. In our society, many people will struggle with self control and Dr. Jekyll has trouble controlling his alter ego by performing his evil pleasuresRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1326 Words   |  6 Pages The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was published during the late Victorian era, but he clearly brings into question the acceptance of Victorian philosophies, especially the belief that one truth exists and that we can identify good and evil as separate entities. The names Jekyll and Hyde have become synonymous with multiple personality disorder. This novel can be examined from the natural dualism and Freud’s structural th eory of the mind. In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr

The Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare - 939 Words

Throughout the Anglo-Saxon world, stories were often on the ways people passed on lessons and stories without actually writing things down. These epics would be passed from one another through verbal communication and were based around different aspects of life for a someone of Anglo-Saxon descent. The story Beowulf is a perfect example of how Anglo-Saxons based their stories around their beliefs on how a hero should behave. Around the time the story was first told, people were often terrified of the horrible things in the world. The character Beowulf was built around how a hero would be represented in these times by having honor in battle and gives self-sacrifice for the good of the people. For every epic, the central character followed the same guidelines about how they were presented. â€Å"The epic hero is the central character of an epic. This character is a larger-than-life figure, typically of noble or semi divine birth, who pits his courage, skill, and virtue against opposi ng, often evil, forces.† (Pg 34, Epic Hero) Whenever the story of Beowulf begins, we learn Beowulf already has a larger than life reputation for his previous endeavors. Beowulf only increases his status throughout the story by slaying the monsters plaguing King Hrothgar s kingdom. Later in his life, Beowulf only increases his reputation by being one of the greatest kings his kingdom has ever seen. In the story, he demonstrates otherworldly powers, which one could argue meanShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare1549 Words   |  7 PagesBeowulf is one of the earliest and most famous works of English literature, and is still widely read today. However, over a thousand years has passed since it was written down in England, and even longer since it was originally spread by word of mouth in the old norse lands, and our values and concepts of the world are radically different than the people of Beowulf’s age. Although the epic Beowulf shows their concept of simplistic duality, in which there is only black and white, good and evil, theRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare932 Words   |  4 Pageshave the values of being kind and modest. Before Beowulf arrived to Herot he was known for his heroism, which was shown again and again during the fight with Grendel, the fight with Grendel’s mother, and his final battle with the dragon. While his heroism was shown at each of these events, there were changes in his heroic nature over time. Regardless of these changes, he was still seen as the mighty hero throughout the epic poem of Beowulf. As Beowulf was making his voyage to Herot from Geatland toRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare977 Words   |  4 Pageslooking at a culture’s epic tales and heroes one can get an insight to the culture’s values and traits that are noble to them. Beowulf, as an epic hero, is a direct representation of the ideal man as seen through Anglo-Saxon eyes. In looking at the poem Beowulf and analyzing the characteristics of the epic hero, it will become evident the desired attributes that were desired in the Anglo-Saxon culture: physical strength, pride, bravery, selflessness, and loyalty. An epic hero is a person thatRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare953 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf is one of the most well known pieces of literature in history. Written between 700 and 1000 AD, this poem has captured the minds of scholars, historians, and readers across the globe. However, despite the fact that it has been passed down for numerous centuries, perhaps one of its most fascinating characteristics are the intriguing battles that Beowulf, the protagonist, takes on. Throughout this epic poem, Beowulf takes on many battles, all of which are practically unwinnable. Each battleRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare1549 Words   |  7 PagesBeowulf is one of the earliest and most famous works of English literature, and is still widely read today. However, over a thousand years has passed since it was written down in England, and even longer since it was originally spread by word of mouth in the old Norse lands, and our values and concepts of th e world are radically different than the people of Beowulf’s age. Although the epic Beowulf shows their concept of simplistic duality, in which there is only black and white, good and evil, theRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare935 Words   |  4 Pageshis life for the good of others , well Beowulf was both. In the novel Beowulf , to me, the main theme of the entire story is heroism. Beowulf is your knight in shining armor or your fire fighter who goes into a living hell to save a kitten. Heroism is scattered all over this epic poem. Sure paganism and christianity are in it as well as good vs evil but they are not as i would say the backbone of Beowulf. to prove my opinion I shall gather quotes from the epic novel would strongly aid the fact thatRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare1176 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen nearly fifteen movies that were made after â€Å"Beowulf†. It may be due to the fact that â€Å"Beowulf† is one of th e most famous epic poems in the English Literature history. It is also the oldest surviving epic poem to date. â€Å"Beowulf† was written in 10000 AD in Old English by an author who remains unknown. In â€Å"Beowulf†, there are many important literary elements that help empathize the main motif of the poem. The motif of this poem is courage. Beowulf is about courage and it is shown through the charactersRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare1401 Words   |  6 PagesAnglo-Saxon focus qualities. A champion amongst the most prestigious works from that time period is Beowulf. The story tells us of how one man, Beowulf, sails to the rescue of King Hrothgar and his kinfolk remembering the final objective to extra them from a horrifying beast that is undermining their lives and additionally their way of life. The warrior Beowulf without a doubt demonstrates characteristics of an epic legend through valor, dedication, generosity, family relationship, accomplishi ng somethingRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare1836 Words   |  8 PagesBeowulf is one in a sea of many epic poems exemplifying battle, glory, great leaders, and, inevitably, death. Classic plot lines have followed the general flow of such stories from exposition to conflict to resolution, the majoity thriving off of a hero-villan mentality. The battle between good and evil has been perpetuated throughout history in literature and story. The media today suffers from the clear segregation of right and wrong just as much as society did in the days that Beowulf was firstRead MoreThe Heroes Of The Epic Of Beowulf By William Shakespeare1292 Words   |  6 PagesEpics consists of benevolent or disastrous intervention from the supernatural world, and the superhuman capabilities that the heroes and antiheroes occupy. Tales like these represent the characteristics of what heroes are considered to be during the time they were written; however, they follow a specific formula , namely that the Gods intervene in the lives of the hero and, that the hero is burdened with a tragic flaw. In Virgil’s Aeneid, it is Aeneas’ dangerous disobedience to the ordinances of the

Notes Free Essays

Dual processionals is the ability of users to create their own personal accounts but can also look at other users profile as well. In other words, Mejia is saying that social networks can be used in the users favor as well as the user’s friend’s favor. For example, people create their own personal Backbone account to show others their lifestyle while at the same time keeping touch with their friends and family by viewing other people’s profiles and commenting on it. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another example is Mainstream here people can post pictures of their everyday lives. At the same time, their newsfeed would be filled with other people’s everyday lives. This explains how social media work in both ways (or â€Å"dual† ways) by letting the user be aware of other peoples life as well as other people being aware of the users life. 2. In our society, everyone raises charity or causes through social media. It is the biggest platform of advertising since everyone can find it and sees it as long as it shows on his or her newsfeed (and most of the time, it’s free! It is very effective and quick in the way that it spreads the word very fast. For example, charity can use celebrities that support their cause to post about them in their social media accounts. Most celebrities have millions of followers and subscribers, which mean if they post something, it can reach out to millions immediately. Liking something on Backbone would definitely help spread the word out faster, however donating money to an organization is more helpful than spreadi ng the word. For example, spreading he word does not necessarily mean that everyone who sees it would donate money to the organization. Hence saying, liking the charity on backbone and donating money to the charity is not the same thing. Lastly, raising awareness can be considered the same as contribution since people are contributing to the cause by telling more people about it. 3. Social inclusion and exclusion is significant because even though people can post anything they want, there are still people online that protects the users from being harmed. For example, personal information would not be released to the public unless that person chooses to. Furthermore, sometimes when someone post inappropriate stuff online, the administrator will delete it in order to protect the public from seeing the harmful post. Some consequences will include the delete of the post as well as arrest if it is illegal. For example, if someone post a video of themselves doing illegal drugs, it is most likely that the police will track them down and arrest them for the inappropriate video as well as raising awareness for the drug. How to cite Notes, Papers Notes Free Essays This past summer I went paintball a couple of times with my friends and after that I did almost nothing Just work I work at pizza hut. I also went fishing to ports Mansfield we caught about two, three fishes we were there then we went back home stopped by McDonald’s got some hamburgers went home got some sleep. I did almost nothing this summer because I mostly slept. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now If any I went to go out to go eat, watched one movie at the movies, Dawn of the rise of the planet of the apes. There is nothing I did after that Just work, work, and work. This summer I tried to go to the beach rent a condo there stay a couple of night but my truck broke down so this summer I Just worked to pay that. There really isn’t any other thing I did Just stay at home this next summer I want to plan to not stay In the valley I want to go up north anywhere is better than here In my opinion. How to cite Notes, Papers Notes Free Essays Some difference though is that France really has more 40-49 year olds, while Kenya has plenty of younger children, and Poland has more 30 year olds. 2. In this lesson, you studied countries with various types of population growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Based on the information in the lesson and what you learned from the assessment, what conclusions can you draw about the characteristics of rapidly growing countries, countries with moderate growth, and shrinking countries? They are all around the same it’s Just with different environments makes deferent things happen so that’s really how all of them are different. 3. Based on the data in your pyramid, what might you expect the pyramid to look Like In five years? In 10 years? In 50 years? I think based on the current population pyramid and the ages If this Is a continuous pattern then It should be the name in five years, in 10 years, and even in 50 years, as long as the numbers are country future. What problems might each country face if its population trends continue? For France I believe if there was a war to go on they might not be able to survive it since they have many 40-49 year old and they would only be able to help for so long before they give up. 5. What are the implications of each type of pyramid structure? Poland population pyramid would be classified as a Constrictive population pyramid since it displays lower numbers or percentages of younger people. Their population growth is negative. Kenya population pyramid would be classified as a Concave population because it is indicating a high death rate. France would be classified as stationary or near-stationary population pyramids display somewhat equal numbers or percentages for almost all age groups. Their population growth is neutral or stable. 6. Think about the demographics of your town or state. What shape do you think a population pyramid of your town or state would have and why? I think Florida population pyramid would be classified as stationary or near- stationary population pyramids display somewhat equal numbers or percentages for almost all age groups. How to cite Notes, Papers Notes Free Essays Lecture notes Singapore symbol Is Lion Ancestor Is Important Death starts In hell – purge Buddhism – Release from suffering Buddhism appeals to Chinese from several reasons Buddhism tolerance from other religions and ways of thought. No history of persecution No wars No establishing a holy kingdom Tolerance Accepted Confucianism and Taoism. Although Buddhism Is the way of truth. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now , Confucianism and Taoism taught moral value. Buddhist salvation lies beyond the mortal world. Does not depend on religious purity-Can accept other religion. Buddhism establishes charities to alleviate suffering. Buddhism inclusiveness. Equality and unity between all classes (social) Eliminate the caste system in India Foreign aliens in the Northern China accepted Buddhism because it was outside of Chinese thought ( Confirm and Dad) Alien barbarian rulers found equality from Buddhist beliefs, Buddhist claims of magical ability, -Folk religion- Magical ability of Buddhist powers appeals to the superstitious. Represented the superstitious aspect of Buddhism Buddhism had sutras- extensive literature good art Chinese people like this Elaborate rituals’ Justice of Good and Evil. Karma Justice is liked by the Buddhist End: Confucianism still prevailed as the family ethic and state rationale. ‘ Confucianism as a moral code, family code, never faded. Religious sphere did not contend with Its rivals. Confucianism was the tie that bound all Chinese together. Whether through religion or Dillon. Parkland is the most practiced Buddhism True law or Doctrine 1000 years era of reflected law ( counterfeit Doctrine) Final Degeneration of the Law Final thought of austerity Goodness Final degeneration had began Only faith in the saving power of Buddha can assure salvation Salvation is rebirth into the Pure Land. Rich fertile comfortable land Lotus and fragrant flowers Filled with Gods and Human Kind. Devoid of denizens of hell Ghosts animals No Women in the pure land. Woman are thought to be impure Men are a higher form of being Teaching of compassion patience and tolerance is heard Anita God of parkland State of total nirvana Wanted to save other people to be enlightened Darkroom made 48 vows. 18th vow was promised release from suffering for all who at the moment of death desired enlightenment and who pray to him think favorably of him and pray to him . If he does not perform this salvation, may he not achieve perfect enlightenment Merit of the Buddha or the bodhisattva is transferable to all beings by faith in that Buddha. Gauguin – portrayed the female – most common bodhisattva as mercy. Human Founded parkland society in China- First patriarch Tanana 476-542 (530) Chant Matthias name (created it) Patriarch Douche( 563-645) Answered important questions about parkland. Does accumulated evil before death and you have 10 thoughts of Buddha does it cancel all evil. (a room may be dark for a thousand years but once light shines in it is as if darkness has never existed. What kind of concentration is required A lot Total and undivided concentration. 10 concentrated thoughts of Buddha is impossible without a memorable life If you are evil it is not something that is possible because you will have fear after death, Primary of activity before parkland say Buddha name (secondary Reading the Buddha scripture Worshipping Praising Parable of the white path. Someone is being pursued by a group of ruffians. He has to cross a river. The North river is pure fire. South is water Very narrow path of fire and water no more than three inches wide. IF he steps onto the path he fears of falling. However he must cross to get away. And he crosses. Parable of salvation through faith and beliefs. Cumin ( Spread Buddhism to the masses. Criticized meditation school Does not have evil or good in meditation meditation says the world is unreal no evil or good to be performed. Danna. Chinese Chain Japanese Zen Differences in methods of houses of Chain Ling Jell Purpose of meditation school: see ones nature and become Buddha. Intuitive method of spiritual training of realizing the realty of inner most recesses of ones souls. All beings have Buddha nature within us. We must discover our own Buddha nature. Meditation Meditation in the Lotus positions. Use of the Conga Use of anecdotes. Use of anecdotes counterintuitive to spontaneous intuition. Riddles and conundrums. O the students are supposed to regard these as learn for themselves using intuition. Experience of sudden enlightenment Meditation school Mind to mind transmission First transmission occurs from shamanic Sukiyaki smiles in understanding what bull First enlightenment Ultimate reality from meditation Buddhism – the ultimate reality is absolute truth. The mind of the Buddha. Present in all sentient beings. Always there always will be there . Most of us will not realize the absolute truth. Buddha is the universal blah blah blah†¦ The obstacles of achieving ones nature is ignorance and the folly O calm and tranquil and no self. Achieve this by intuition study of nature not through conscious effort Page 512. Hilt of sword. He does not have a self. Can not lay hold of himself because he doesn’t have a self.? Self confidence means reliance on scripture. No dependence on ritual performances prayers. Relying on oneself to discover there is no self. Before you 6th patriarch Kappa mind to mind transmission How to cite Notes, Papers Notes Free Essays Freeman, Biological Science, 4e, Chapter 24 24 – Evolution by Natural Selection Learning Objectives: Students should be able to †¦ †¢ Define evolution, fitness, and adaptation using the biological definitions. †¢ Describe the nature of the evidence regarding (1) whether species change through time and (2) whether they are related by common ancestry. †¢ Assess whether Darwin’s four postulates are true in any given example, explain to a friend why evolution must occur if all four are true, and explain whether evolution will occur if any of the four are not true. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Identify common misconceptions about evolution, and give examples to illustrate why they are not true. (For example: Is evolution progressive? Do animals do things â€Å"for the good of the species†? Does evolution result in perfection? ) Lecture Outline †¢ Evolution is one of the best-supported and most important theories in the history of science. †¢ Evolution is one of the five attributes of life. †¢ Evolution has both a pattern and a process. I. The Evolution of Evolutionary Thought A. Plato and typological thinking 1. Plato saw species as unchanging, perfect â€Å"types† created by God. 2. Plato thought individual variation was an unimportant deviation from the true â€Å"type. † B. Aristotle and the great chain of being (scale of nature) 1. Aristotle, like Plato, thought species were unchanging types. 2. Aristotle thought species could be organized into a sequence or ladder of increasing complexity, with humans at the top. (Fig. 24. 1) C. Lamarck and the idea of evolution as change through time 1. Lamarck noticed that organisms changed over time. 2. Lamarck thought animals progressed over time from â€Å"lower† to â€Å"higher† forms (like Aristotle’s ladder) via inheritance of acquired characteristics. D. Darwin and Wallace and evolution by natural selection 1. Species change over time, but they do not â€Å"progress. † 2. A species does not have a single true â€Å"type. † 3. Individual variation is important; variation is what drives evolution. 4. This theory made predictions and was testable; that is, it was scientific. II. The Pattern of Evolution: Have Species Changed through Time? A. Two predictions of Darwin’s theory: 1. Species change through time.  © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Freeman, Biological Science, 4e, Chapter 24 2. Species are related by common ancestry. B. Evidence of change through time 1. The fossil record and geologic time a. A fossil is any trace of an organism that lived in the past. (Fig. 24. 2) b. The fossil record was initially organized based on the relative age of the fossils. c. The geologic time scale (1) Sedimentary rocks form layers over long times. These layers form in a chronological sequence (the geologic time scale). (2) From the number of layers and the time it takes to deposit each one, geologists realized that the Earth must be very old. d. Radiometric dating enables us to date rocks directly. (1) The Earth is 4. 6 billion years old. 2) The earliest signs of life are in rocks that are 3. 4? 3. 8 billion years old. 2. Extinction changes the species present over time. a. The fossil record shows that more than 99% of all the species that have ever lived are now extinct. (Fig. 24. 3) b. This is evidence that the species composition on Earth has changed over time. 3. Transitional features link older and younger species. a. Law of succession: Fossils foun d in a certain geographic region frequently resemble the species currently living in that region. (1) This is evidence that the extinct species are related to existing species. . Fossils with transitional features (traits intermediate between those of older and younger species) are compelling evidence that species change over time. Example: the fins-to-feet transition. (Fig. 24. 4) 4. Vestigial traits are evidence of change through time. a. Vestigial traits are traits that have reduced or no function but are clearly related to functioning organs in related species. (Fig. 24. 5) b. The existence of these traits challenges the theory of special creation that organisms were designed by a perfect creator and are static. c. Biologists interpret the existence of these traits as evidence that organisms change over time. 5. Current examples of change through time a. Biologists have documented hundreds of contemporary populations that are changing in response to their environment.  © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Freeman, Biological Science, 4e, Chapter 24 C. Evidence of descent from a common ancestor 1. Similar species are found in the same geographic area. a. Similar, but distinct, species are often found living close together in the same geographic area, implying that they are linked by a common ancestor. Example: Galapagos mockingbirds. (Fig. 4. 6a) b. These similar species are part of a phylogeny (a family tree), and their relationships can be diagrammed on a phylogenetic tree (a branching diagram that indicates genealogy). (Fig. 24. 6b) 2. Homology: the occurrence of similar features in different species because they both inherited the trait from a common ancestor. a. Different kinds of homology: (1) Genetic homology—similarities in DNA sequences (Fig. 24. 7) (2) Developmental homology—similarities in the morphology of embryos and the fate of embryonic tissues (Fig. 24. 8) (3) Structural homology—similarities in the structure of body parts (Fig. 24. 9) b. The three levels of homology interact: Genetic homologies cause developmental homologies, which cause structural homologies. c. Hypotheses about homology can be tested experimentally. (Fig. 24. 10) d. Homology is used extensively in contemporary biology. Examples: use of model organisms, comparative genomics. 3. Current examples of descent from a common ancestor a. Biologists have documented dozens of examples of populations that are undergoing speciation. D. Evolution’s â€Å"internal consistency†? the importance of independent datasets 1. When data from independent sources support a theory, that is powerful evidence that the theory is correct. Table 24. 1) a. Example: evolution of cetaceans from a terrestrial ancestor. (DNA, morphology, fossil record, and other evidence all agree. ) (Fig. 24. 11) 2. The theory of evolution by natural selection is much more consistent with the data than is the pattern predicted by special creation. III. The Process of Evolution: How Do es Natural Selection Work? A. Darwin’s four postulates, the outcome of which is evolution: 1. Individuals vary. 2. Some variations are heritable. 3. More offspring are produced than can survive. 4. Individuals with traits that confer an advantage are more likely to survive and reproduce. 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Freeman, Biological Science, 4e, Chapter 24 5. Summary: Evolution by natural selection occurs whenever heritable variation leads to differential success in survival and reproduction. B. The biological definitions of fitness and adaptation 1. Fitness is the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce, relative to other individuals in that population. 2. Adaptation is a heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment, relative to other individuals lacking the trait. IV. Evolution in Action: Recent Research on Natural Selection A. Case Study 1: How did Mycobacterium tuberculosis become resistant to antibiotics? 1. A patient history a. A patient with active tuberculosis (TB) was given the antibiotic rifampin for 40 weeks and then released when lung cultures showed no bacteria. b. Two months later, the patient had a relapse and died of rifampin-resistant TB. 2. A mutation in a bacterial gene confers resistance. (Fig. 24. 12) a. DNA analysis showed that the patient’s TB bacteria had acquired one new mutation in the gene for RNA polymerase, the same enzyme that is the target of rifampin. b. These bacteria were likely present at low frequency before the rifampin treatment. . When the rifampin treatment began, bacteria without the mutation were killed off, and only the bacteria with the mutation survived. (Fig. 24. 14) d. Students should be able to explain why the patient relapsed, and whether a family member who got TB from the patient after the relapse would respond to antibiotics. 3. Testing Darwin’ s postulates a. Did variation exist in the population? Yes, research shows that populations of TB bacteria do have variation for rifampin resistance. b. Was the variation heritable? Yes, variation in rifampin resistance (the phenotype) is due directly to genotype. c. Was there variation in reproductive success? Yes, once rifampin treatment began, only a few bacteria survived to reproduce. d. Did selection occur? Yes, certain bacteria (those with the drugresistant allele) were much more likely to survive and reproduce. 4. Resistance is a widespread problem. a. Resistance (to drugs, insecticides, etc. ) has evolved repeatedly in many species and is a growing public health problem. (Fig. 24. 14)  © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Freeman, Biological Science, 4e, Chapter 24 B. Case Study 2: Why are beak size, beak shape, and body size changing in Galapagos finches? 1. The medium ground finch population of the island Daphne Major varies in beak shape and body size, and these traits are heritable. (Fig. 24. 15) 2. Selection during drought conditions a. Drought survivors had deeper beaks. (Fig. 24. 16) b. Deeper beaks allowed those individuals to eat the only remaining seeds, which were tough and difficult to crack. c. In the next generation, the average beak size was considerably larger than it had been before the drought. d. Summary: In only one generation, natural selection had led to a measurable change in the characteristics of the population. 3. Continued evolution a. In a subsequent rainy year, selection favored individuals with small, pointy beaks. b. Over 30 years of study, researchers have documented continued evolution in response to environmental events. (Fig. 24. 17) 4. Which genes are under selection? a. Recent research has identified several genes that affect beak length in development, such as Bmp4. (Fig. 24. 18) V. Common Misconceptions about Natural Selection and Adaptation A. Selection acts on individuals, but evolutionary change occurs in populations. 1. During the evolutionary process, individuals do not change, only the population changes. Examples: Galapagos finches, TB bacteria. 2. Acclimation is not adaptation. Individuals may change during their lifetime (acclimation), but these changes are not passed on to offspring. a. Students should be able to explain the difference between the biological definition of adaptation and its use in everyday English, and the difference between acclimation and adaptation. B. Evolution is not goal directed. 1. Mutations occur randomly; they do not occur because organisms â€Å"want† or â€Å"need† them. 2. Evolution is not â€Å"progressive. † a. Evolution does not always result in â€Å"better† or â€Å"more advanced† organisms. . Complex traits are often lost in evolution. 3. There is no such thing as a â€Å"higher† or â€Å"lower† organism. a. Evolution is not a â€Å"ladder†; it is more like a tree. (Fig. 24. 19) b. Evolution simply results in organisms adapted to live in different environments; no organism is â€Å"higherà ¢â‚¬  than another.  © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Freeman, Biological Science, 4e, Chapter 24 C. Organisms do not act for the good of the species. (Fig. 24. 20) 1. Individuals with alleles for self-sacrificing behavior die, while individuals with alleles for selfish behavior survive. 2. No instance of purely self-sacrificing behavior has ever been recorded in nature. D. Limitations of natural selection 1. Not all traits are adaptive; evolution does not lead to perfect organisms. Examples: vestigial organs, silent mutations. 2. Genetic constraints: a. Sometimes nonoptimal traits are propagated because they are genetically linked with an optimal trait (genetic correlation). b. One example is finch beaks. The best beak would have been a narrow deep beak, but what evolved was a wide deep beak, because beak depth and beak width are genetically linked. c. Lack of genetic variation can also limit evolution. . Fitness trade-offs: Natural selection often results in a compromise between traits with different effects. 4. Historical constraints: Natural selection can act only on traits that existed in the ancestral population. Chapter Vocabulary To emphasize the functional meanings of these terms, the list is organized by topic rather than by first occurrence in the chapter. It includes terms that may have been introduced in earlier chapters but are important to the current chapter as well. It also includes terms other than those highlighted in bold type in the chapter text. volution special creation great chain of being inheritance of acquired characters typological thinking population thinking population descent with modification fossil fossil record sedimentary rocks geologic time scale relative dating absolute dating radiometric dating extant extinct transitional features law of succession vestigial traits phylogeny phylogenetic tree homology genetic homologies developmental homologies morphology structural homologies vertebrates cetaceans internal consistency natural selection heritable traits heritable variation allele frequencies biological fitness adaptation tuberculosis antibiotic resistance natural experiment acclimation selfish allele genetic constraint genetic correlation fitness trade-off historical constraint  © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc . How to cite Notes, Papers Notes Free Essays Background Oil spills are horrible they damage the environment and may destroy ecosystems. This question has puzzled most scientists and elementary grade kids for a long time : What’s the best way to remove oil from water? Lets bump it up to using Marvel Mystery oil ,which is a Motor oil brand, so we have a nice bright red color. There are 3 main ways to separate oil from water and 3 absorbents that can be used. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first way to remove oil is A belt, hose or disc, moves through a layer of oil, which causes the oil to adhere to the surface and be carried off. The second way is to Coalesce which is when smaller oil drops in an oil/water mixture will separate slowly or not at all. Coalescing media is placed in an oil separator to catch and accumulate the finer oil drops then merge them into larger drops that separate quickly. The third way is where the three absorbents come in which is Gravity separation, which is a fancy way of saying the oil and water layers are prominent. Two of three of the absorbents are fairly fast at removing oil. The third, well helps decompose the oil faster. The first absorbent is human hair, most people can see why because it grasp onto oil and keeps it but that way is kind of messy. The second absorbent is Saw dust which is a little cleaner then the hair but just about as messy. The third way which dose not really absorb as much as decompose the oil is using pure nitrogen and phosphorus to form little Tar balls which aren’t as deadly to the environment as the liquid crude oil. But no there is a forth absorbent let to be endorsed by the government. It is a polymer called WENV-250 and it was developed by a scientist to remove oil more defiantly. The polymer is non toxic so it may be used to put on birds feathers then simply pulled off. How to cite Notes, Essay examples Notes Free Essays The freshmen ‘Imports’ arrived at Yale on Sunday. It says as much on the blue tee shirts that can be seen all over campus, worn by the Incoming International class of 2018. The international students have arrived a week earlier than their American peers, as a part of OSI (Orientation for International Students), a Yale program designed to make the transition into American culture as easy as possible. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now The program is certainly a necessity, as last year, non-American scholars made up 18% of Yale’s student body, according to a 2014 census by Yale’s Office of Institutional Research. Now, some of those students are helping the new ones settle Into the campus and learn about the surroundings. Advances Tendon, a rising sophomore, is an OSI councilor this year. The councilors take students on tours, talk to them about their academic choices, and even set up scavenger hunts for them all over campus. â€Å"In the evenings we do icebreakers,† says Tendon, â€Å"To help build a sense of an international community here. † He says he’s glad he can help, as he knows how many of the new students feel. â€Å"l was very nervous when I first came, as I’m sure they are too. There’s his Idea that American students have a head start, and I think OSI definitely helps international students to catch up, and settle into and adopt the culture. † Tendon is right in saying that many students are nervous when they first arrive. Yonder Sharpe, from Katmandu, says she feels a bit overwhelmed by everything. â€Å"For me, and a lot of other people I think, the American way of life is very different than we are used to. † Yonder Isn’t alone In her culture shock. For Andre Melt, an Incoming freshman, the food and weather will be hard to get used to. â€Å"The weather Is more dry here. It’s humid in Brazil, and I’m really concerned about the winter here; lye heard it’s very hard. † A student from Singapore, who wished to remain anonymous, is nervous for slightly different reasons. â€Å"I’m not familiar with the slang here? I didn’t know what ‘hell dope’ and ‘Rachel’ meant before I got to Yale. † However, the transition Isn’t all that nerve-racking. The students have also been having a lot of fun. Luck Eros, from Budapest, Is amazed by all the people she’s been meeting. â€Å"l think it’s crazy how we come from so many different places around the world, and we’ve all ended up here at Yale together. I am really excited for the year, and to meet more people. † Edwin Prince, from Sacra, feels the same way. â€Å"l have learned so much, not Just from my councilors, but from the other students, who come from all over the world. I want to do a lot of extra curricular activities, to try new things, and meet new, Interesting people. † So far, the students have been getting to know the town, and the services and facilities that Yale provides. Roy Random, from Zombie, and Laurence Bushfire’s, from London, were on their way to the Yale Health Center. â€Å"l Just opened a POP Box, and a bank account,† said Roy. We’ve also taken a tour of Yale, and it looks very interesting. I am expecting to have a lot of fun here. † According to Yuppie Guy, a takes some getting used to. â€Å"At first, I was not used to the whole social scene at Yale, because I’m from a fairly conservative area in China,† said Yuppie about her freshmen experience. â€Å"Now I have found my balance between the extremes of social life and my school work. † Guy advised the incoming freshman to, â€Å"Be proud of who you are, but be accepting of other cultures. Stick to your principles but be flexible. All of the incoming students are going to have a great year ahead. â€Å" How to cite Notes, Papers Notes Free Essays Management structure – very Important to know a) Tactical MGM. – guide operational MGM. B) Operational MGM. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now (aka middle MGM. ) gets information from non-MGM. C) I. E. In a bank I) Non-MGM. = tellers and customer service reps. II) Operation MGM. – Nilsson statement, business objectives, business government, business compliance, business. Function, business rules, business process. 2) 80/20 RULE – people who bring 80% of business needs more attention than the customers that bring 20% of your business. Leader Manager Oversee operations Guidance Communication Problem solvers Business success rate Reporting to DRY Patience Oversee operations Patience Check ups/Check lists Time constraints Business functions Business compliance More customer facing Understanding strengths/Weakness of employees Assigns task Weekly/Monthly Forecasts Business improvement Organization/Financial Hiring/Firing SOOT Strength weakness opportunities and threats How to do a SOOT analysis: Stakeholders presents – need best perspectives. Formal meeting – impartial facilitator present Capture data Strength vs. weaknesses – internal Opportunities vs. threats – external Book reading notes: The dominant view in management theory and society in general is that managers are directly responsible for an organization’s success or failure. We call this perspective the omnipotent view of management. In contrast, others have argued that much of an organization’s success or failure is due to external forces outside managers’ control. This perspective is called the symbolic view of management. Class notes: -BCC – Business continuity planning Planning for critical crisis – I. E. 9/1 1, earthquakes, etc. Case study – Gold Bank – consumer bank – have checking and savings accounts 35 branches in CA – Ranked on monthly performance – Top 4 branches – went through 1 year management training I was hired by gold bank with a 12-month training Hired as branch manager in top 4th bank Bank lost manager 6 months ago – was fired for money fraud Compose an email with an introduction of myself – formally to employees. How to cite Notes, Papers Notes Free Essays The southern colonies in the seventeenth century -Rapid population growth – 1580-1650-3. 5 -5 million Growth strains farming economy Completion drives up process Landless poor beginning wandering the roads Ruling classes sees this as a a threat Social problems Poor population becomes mobile. Influx to Bristol , Liverpool, London Crowded unsanitary conditions In England Many die Many migrate to Ireland , Holland Big point people migrate to America for many reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Religious freedom escape from c/o/e desire for land Escape -Jail marriage, debt English In the Chesapeake Original Goal -Trading posts First attempts= Mobile/ merchants ventures Different from Spanish / French Joint stock companies No personal allowably More autonomy Huge Failure Jamestown settlement Merchant organized settlement 1607-104 sent crops , goods, and gold Land in swampy areas- not good No freshwater Did not plant crops Quickly die -38/104 left after 9 months Constant struggle to survive Cannibalism, desperation, horrible existence Death tolls stay high Disease and malnutrition land incentives to get continued migration Remains a struggling colony Indian War of 1622 Increased migration leads to problems w/natives Algonquin natives not happy Land hungry English and conversion attempts Packinghouse attacks Kills 347 English, 1/3 of population English 10 years of warfare Massacres Sold pop’s into captivity James 1=1 alarmed, revokes VA. Co. Charter Jamestown now a royal colony Tobacco saves Virginia John Role Milder tobacco Tobacco?east to grow Sets of English tobacco book Tobacco , not trade saves VA Originally small farms After 1650- Wealthy create large estates Potential Problem? Indentured servants Tobacco boom sets off wave of migration Landowners need workers Solution= indentured servants 80% of migrants in 16th century Almost all poor whites Migration= 2 steps progress Indenture agents set up contracts Contracts purchased by land owners in North America 3/4=0. 75 men 15-25, no skills Leading to gender imbalance in Chess. Conditions for servants Many sold multiple times Greatly exploited Brutal conditions Time added for small infractions Beating/ long hours Men needed permission to marry Women cannot marry until end of contract Children= 2 years added Moss never escaped contract 1/2 die before end of contract only 1/4 get property Lord Baltimore and Catholics in Maryland Charles 1 Maryland Refuge of Catholics Problem Toleration Acts of 1649- religious freedom to everyone Long term significance Chesapeake Society Young single men Poor or middle class farmers 6 to 1 men to women Fatal Disease and bad water Life expectancy 43 25% infant mortality P reach adulthood Lots of death, short marriages , remarriages orphaned child. Main goal= tobacco Wealth disparity Servants/poor farmers Planters dominate all of society GoGoboinances public offices Underfed, ununderclothes1115; harsh punishment, personal restrictions Rich get richer Slaves Gap widens BaBaconRebellion Background Situation in Virginia Landowner success Lucrative middlemen GOGOBBerkeley 1642-1652, 1660 Corrupt Nepotism Wealth?power SuSusquehannaegotiated settlements Good foe wealthy Poor farmers Feel exploited Land hungry Attack Rough militia?unauthorized farmers Massacre SuSusquehannaetaliation GoGobBerkeley- wants peace Nathaniel Bacon- decides to fight for poor farmers. Bacon rebellion BaBaconrmy-lash out, attacking native settlements BeBarley’sesponse-arrests Bacon BaBaconrmy attack the VA capital and force his release BaBaconrmy also force legislative elections Political reforms Less governor power Voting Rights to landless free men Not a complete fix Bacon fights on Army of 400 burns Jamestown Bacon dies, movement ends Very important moving forward Colonial gogobo’sake up Power sharing, need to avoid corruption Stop using indentured servants Slavery Slave Trade 1 . Slavery in Chesapeake vsvs.slSlaveryn I inIndiesaribbean i.IWealth determined by large farms i’I Brazil, W. inIndiesii. Small slave pop in Chesapeake (pre-1700) 1) Slowly grows 2) Indentured-more expensive 3) Natives makes bad slaves 4) 1720 20%, 1740 5) Slavery defined in racial terms 2. Slavery Labor system i.IBaBaconebellion-English use African slave trade it. Cannot use native Americans ii. Spanish and port using African Americans lvlbChesapeake shifts after BaBaconebellion 3. Africans and the slave trade i.IDeDevastatedfrica 1) 1550-1870 11 million 2) Changed demographics 3) Financial shifts 4) Religion 5) Not new 6) Sex imbalance 7) Shifting meaning of marriage and family 4. The middle passage i.I3 steps of the slave trade it. Journey to the coast iii. Ships 1) Overcrowded 2) Disease 3) Food 4) Confinement 5) Death 5. Slavery in the west inIndiest. Harsh labor Hot climate iii. ‘v. Economics-easier to kill slaves and buy now ones. v.VNo Interests in Slave Families/ female slaves v’. Food Supply problems 6. Slavery in the Chesapeake i.IBaBaconebellion it. Tobacco Revolution iii. coCoreart of society ‘v. Racial Definition of slavery v. Better in Chesapeake than w. lnLenses) Longer lives 2) Lighter Labor 3) Climate 4) Disease 5) Smaller profits a) Slaves stay alive b) Female slaves 6) Much worse in s. Carolina a) Rice Swamps i)IDangerous and exhausting i’I Mosquitoes iii) Irrigation 7. African Communities i.ICultural Mixing it. Owners like diversity iii. Tribal identity ‘v. Community 1) Friendship 2) Intertribal marriage a) Common Languages b) English, Gullah etc,†¦ . Kinship Networks ) Pass on names traditions knowledge 2) Key of any culture 3) Distinct culture 4) Some old practices disappear 5) Hairstyles , artwork, pottery 6) Values persist 7) Muslims beliefs 8) Spiritualism 8. Resistance and accommodations i.ILimits lilieHarsh penalties ‘v. Some Flee 1) Wild areas 2) Natives 3) Freemen] v. Improved conditions v’. Rebellions vievilStStoneebellions= 1) Spanish gogob) Aid empire 3) English rivalry 4) War 5) Rebellion 6) Long Term Impact 9. Economic Regulation i.ITobacco makes the colonies profitable it. English GoGoboants control iii. Mercantile 1) Euro powers in fierce competitions ) Control of resources 3) Eliminate trade of rivals 4) Protect trade from France Holland 5) Increase trade, eliminate competition ‘v. Navigation act 1) Only American/ English ships 2) rule 3) Raw materials must go to England a) Tobacco, sugar, cotton , indigo, rice molasses b) Forced trade monopoly c) Eliminates exported to France , Holland d) Forces England Goods v. Navigation acts- not popular v’. Taxes cut profits vii. No competitions viii. Small planters hunt ‘x. Smuggling x. Parliament crack down x’. Pattern 10. Spanish south west i.I Northern Spanish colonies – struggling it. Small, not popular , hard to farm iii. Spanish recruit missionaries 1) Conversion= part of the Spanish mission in 2) Way to cheaply maintain land claims 3) Thousands baptized, but also leads to revolt i.IMissionaries forces natives to live in Civilized manner 1) Shoes, euEurolothing , speaking English , a?Catholicism it. Natives forced to building churches iii. Force to pay tribute ‘v. Converted through coercive methods v. Natives unhappy with forced adoption of euEuroulture v’. Natives repeatedly revolt vii. Fail due to lack of unity among natives viii. Pope-organized coalition of tribes ‘x. Idea= expel Spanish , destroy all pieces of Catholicism 1) Destroy churches icons, crucifixes, missions 2) Destroy Spanish settlement kill 2/3 of missionaries x. Spanish driven out of NM x’. Spanish eventually return 1) Lessen missionary work and exploitative 2) Labor xii. Link to BaBaconebellion Chapter 4- the northern colonies in seventeenth century 1. Rise in protestant enEnglish. Martin creates 95 thesis i.IJohn caCalvinnd CaCalvinist. King heHenryIII- i.ICreates the church of England c. Queen elElizabeth.IMixture of protestant and catholic d. PiPiecesff the pupuritans.I PuPurifyhis church with cocontrolling PuPuritansettle in new enEngland. PuPuritansain out come was to have religious freedom! b.BBrought all of there family , permanent settlement to create a colony c. Plymouth Colony i.I1s1stttempt to colonization it. Sail over on may flower lands in modern day Massachusetts iii. 1s1stear very difficult ‘v. Environment was better to survive in no disease v. imImmediatelyegan farming [crops and builds settlements vii. Puritans had better political stability Self governed viii. Farmers and every one had rights d. John Winthrop and the mass. Bay colony i.I Gets really big fast 1000 people comes every year. Bigger than Plymouth it. Representative political system helping to back pup there needs to survive iii. GoGobolanned out land distributions for everyone very organized and had own land to farm. Everyone votes. Power was shared in this colony more than others e. Roger wiWilliamsnd Rhode Island i.IDissident – people that disagree with certain things with the church/ meant church rule and state law were different things it. Separation at church at state to control religious toleration. So that churches couldn’t control everything. f.FAnne Hutchinson i.IDissident it. How to cite Notes, Papers Notes Free Essays Lashae Gayden Essentials in accounting Homework assignment Week 1 Chapter 1: E1-3, P1-3A The Long Run Golf Country Club details the following accounts in its financial statements. Instructions * (a)Classify each of the above accounts as an asset (A), liability (L), stockholders’ equity (SE), revenue (R), or expense (E) item. * (b)Classify each of the above accounts as a financing activity (F), investing activity (I), or operating activity (O). We will write a custom essay sample on Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you believe a particular account doesn’t fit in any of these activities, explain why. Asset| Liability| Stock holder equity| Revenue| Expense| Accounts receivable| Accounts payable and accrued – liabilities| Long-term debt| Food and beverage operations revenue| Office and general expense| Property, plant, and equipment| Long-term debt| | Golf course operations revenue| Professional fees expense| Inventory| Wages and benefits expense| | | Wages and benefits expense| | | | Financing Activity| Investing Activity| Operating Activity| Accounts payable and accrued – liabilities| Property, plant, and equipment| Food and beverage operations revenue| Long-term debt| Inventory| Golf course operations revenue| Office and general expense| Professional fees expense| | | | | | | | | | | P1-3A On June 1 Eckersley Service Co. was started with an initial investment in the company of $26,200 cash. Here are the assets and liabilities of the company at June 30, and the revenues and expenses for the month of June, its first onth of operations: Cash| 4,600| Notes payable| 12,000| Accounts receivable| 4,000| Accounts payable| 500| Revenue| 7,000| Supplies expense| 1,000| Supplies| 2,400| Gas and oil expense| 600| Advertising expense| 400| Utilities expense| 300| Equipment| 29,000| Wage expense| 1,400| | | | | Revenues| $46,000| | | Total revenue| $46,000| | | Expenses| | | | Advertising| 400| | | Gas and oil expense| 600| | | Notes payable| 12,000| | | Accounts paya ble | 500| | | Salaries and wages| 1400| | | Supplies| 2,400| | | Utilities Expenses| 300| | | Dividends| 2,000| | | Total expenses| 19,600| | | Net Income| $26,400| | | Chapter 2: E2-1, P2-4A E2-1. Instructions Classify each of the following financial statement items taken from Remington Corporation’s balance sheet. * CL-Accounts payable and accrued liabilities * CA- Accounts receivable * PPE-Accumulated depreciation * PPE -Buildings * CA -Cash and short-term investments * CL-Dividends payable * IA-Goodwill * C L -Income taxes payable * CA Inventories * CA- Investments * PPE -Land * CL-Long-term debt * PPE -Materials and supplies * PPE-Office equipment and furniture CA – Prepaid expenses P2-4A Instructions: * (a)Comment on the relative profitability of the companies by computing the net income and earnings per share for each company for 2010. $532,000/100,000=53. 20 shares * (b)Comment on the relative liquidity of the companies by computing working capital and the current ratios for each company for 2010. Current Ration = 407,20066,325= 6. 14:1 of relative liqui dity for Bedene Corporation- means that for every dollar of current liabilities, Bedene Corporation has $6. 14 of current assets. Current Ration = 190,33640,348= 4. 1 of relative liquidity for Groneman Corporation- meansthat for every dollar of current liabilities, Groneman Corporation has $4. 71 of current assets * (c)Comment on the relative solvency of the companies by computing the debt to total assets ratio and the free cash flow for each company for 2010. 174,825532,00=33% debt to total ratio for Bedene Corporation means that every dollar of assets was financed by 33 cents of debt. 69,968139,728=50% debt to total ratio for Groneman Corporation means that every dollar of assets was financed by 50 cents of debt. How to cite Notes, Papers Notes Free Essays Is a unique activity that adds value, expends resources, has beginning and end dates, and ass constraints and requirements that include scope, cost, schedule performance, resources, and value. Project – has goals and objectives. Project – is a set of activities to solve a problem or take advantage of an opportunity The resulting groups of activities are called phases of a project Activities In construction, computer networking, telecommunications, software placement, and new product development are considered projects. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stockholders Include: o Payer – Individuals businesses as well as gobo organizations o Providers – hospitals, Integrated delivery networks and Individual clans purchasers – groups who aggregate healthcare products and services for dilution’s Fiscal Intermediaries – insurers, Homo’s, and pharmacy benefit managers Project managers task is to coordinate deployment of a product or new releases, coordinate testing of such new products and releases, and coordinate pilots with potential product users. Construction projects are often time consuming. They require several phases and may involve o Financial organizations o Government agencies Engineers Architects Insurance companies Attorneys Contractors Material Suppliers Builders An organization that performs an innovative task is different from an organization that performs routine tasks. 3 dimensions that encompass all aspects of technology o Complexity- refers to the number of products or operations that are performed at the same time and resulting degree of difficulty o Interdependence – refers to the extent to which the items or elements upon which work is performed or the work processes themselves are interrelated. Uncertainty – refers to the variability In the process of transformation of inputs to outputs or In the Inputs themselves. Technology may be viewed as being composed of three modes o Mechanical Technical Human Each of the 3 modes possesses 3 dimensions Integration Regulation Sophistication Each of the 3 dimensions can be mapped Sophistication to com plexity o Regulation to uncertainty How to cite Notes, Papers Notes Free Essays Kids deal with No I do not think this practice should continue. This is something that is not safe for kids so young, kids around this age should be in school learning new things making new friends having little study groups having sleep oversee they should not be thinking about making money if so not by working in a field that will make you sick to your stomach. No child should feel as if that’s the way a real Job will be because it’s not the way that it will feel like. We will write a custom essay sample on Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s bad enough young kids are already out here doing rugs not going to school to make it better they want to work a child until she passes out or not able to be the same as they were before they started working â€Å"l got heat exhaustion?vomiting, feel like my stomach was trying to come out of my body. † She said. They would bring me water and saltine crackers to settle my stomach until I got better and then back to work. † (Kids deal with)elf I was feeling this way I would tell the person I’m working for have a good life but I may no longer work for you anymore. Your business is making me sick to my stomach and all you want me to do is work, ark, work and I get nothing from it but sickness and no sympathy from anyone. Kids shouldn’t even be worried about money they don’t have bills to pay things to do their main focus should be school and homework. â€Å"But that was Just the beginning. The adults she worked with were mean to her, she says, and when she was 14 she was sexually harassed. † (Kids deal with) you shouldn’t feel uncomfortable where you are at you shouldn’t let anyone touch you and let them get away with that. That should be another reason why I think this practice should not continue because It Is not safe for a child. How to cite Notes, Papers

Peculiarities of Africa And The West

Question: What accounts for the rather late emergence of African countries as independent nation-states? Is there something peculiar about Africa that delayed its drive for independence? Answer: Africa was subjected to colonialism for a long period. The Dark Continent was colonized by the French, Belgians, and the British. Most of the countries got independence in the 1960s. The Second World War played a vital role in weakening imperial power in the colonies. The two Great Powers has lost their status due to the war and weakened it economically and politically. West African countries like Nigeria and Cape Verda became economically dominant in the 1960s. The British exploitation had reached its height and hence the educated elites comprising lawyers, businesspeople and teachers. The United Nations was a major contributor to the development. 17 African states joined in the United Nations in 1960. It was in this year that the decision of decolonization was taken (Brower Sanders 2013). The World War had a huge impact on these powerful colonizers. British shifted its focus from the colonies to its country. The war had drained the wealth of the nation and hence faced major defeat at the hands of its colonies. There were drastic political and social changes and Africans took a more active part in politics and economics. They were gaining administrative powers. There was an emergence of African leaders, and the colony was getting opportunities in education and economy. Moreover, the Depression of the 1930s also proved detrimental for the colonial powers. It was during these years that people of Africa started exploring the vast resources that the Continent possessed. These processes took place in the latter half of the twentieth century and were drivers of colonialism (Loomba 2015). References Brower, D. R., Sanders, T. (2013).World in the Twentieth Century: From Empires to Nations, The. Pearson Higher Ed. Loomba, A. (2015).Colonialism/postcolonialis

IV Therapy Case Study Essay Sample free essay sample

Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is the extract of liquid substances straight into a vena. The word endovenous merely means â€Å"within a vein† . Therapies administered intravenously are frequently called forte pharmaceuticals. It is normally referred to as a trickle because many systems of disposal employ a drip chamber. which prevents air from come ining the blood watercourse ( air intercalation ) . and allows an appraisal of flow rate. * Intravenous therapy may be used to rectify electrolyte instabilities. to present medicines. for blood transfusion or as unstable replacing to rectify. for illustration. desiccation. Intravenous therapy can besides be used for chemotherapy. When compared with other paths of disposal. the endovenous path is the fastest manner to present fluids and medicines throughout the organic structure. Types of IV entree The Hickman catheter is softer than a simple triple-lumen catheter. and is normally inserted in an operating room. The existent entree to the subclavian vena is still by puncture under the collarbone. We will write a custom essay sample on IV Therapy Case Study Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page but the distal terminal of the catheter is pulled under the tegument for 2-4 inches and comes out of the chest stopping point to the mammilla. This creates a â€Å"tunnel† which decreases the hazard of infection. The Hickman catheter. which is made of silastic ( a silicone elastomere ) . comes in double-lumen and triple-lumen assortments. These catheters can remain in topographic point for hebdomads to months ; some patients have had the same Hickman catheter for old ages! * The Groshong catheter is really similar to the Hickman catheter. but has a valve at the tip of the catheter which makes it unneeded to go forth a high concentration of Lipo-Hepin in the catheter ( see below ) . The Broviac catheter is besides similar to the Hickman catheter. but is of smaller size. This catheter is largely used for paediatric patients. * Apheresis catheters are larger and sturdier than Hickman catheters. Apheresis catheters can besides be used for haemodialysis. and are frequently called â€Å"dialysis catheters† . The Hickman catheters are non designed to manage high-flow blood backdowns ; they are so soft that the walls of the catheter prostration ( pull vacuity ) when the dialysis. or pheresis. machine efforts to draw blood into the machine ( see besides Apheresis ) . These dialysis/pheresis catheters can either be inserted without a tunnel ( e. g. . Arrow Catheter? /i gt ; ) at the bedside. or with a tunnel ( e. g. . PermCath? /i gt ; ) in the operating room. Such tunneled pheresis catheters can function both for the aggregation of root cells and for support of the patient during the transplant episode. * Implantable Ports are catheters which are inserted wholly under the tegument. The distal terminal of the catheter is formed by a little metal â€Å"drum† or reservoir. which has on one side a membrane for needle entree. This membranophone is surgically placed under the tegument. merely below the collarbone. with the membrane instantly below the tegument. The catheter runs from the membranophone into the subclavian vena. Access is ever with a particular acerate leaf that is pushed through the tegument and the membrane into the reservoir inside the membranophone. Such ports come in different sizes. and can hold either one or two lms. Sinc e the full catheter is under the tegument. the hazard of infection is smaller than with external catheter Gone Incorrect!Infiltration and extravasation are complications that can happen during endovenous therapy administered via either peripheral or cardinal venous entree devices. Both can ensue in jobs with the siting of future venous entree devices. nervus harm. infection and tissue mortification. The nurse is the key to cut downing the hazard of infiltration and extravasation. through her cognition and accomplishment in canulation and the endovenous disposal of drugs ( by bolus injection or extract ) . The nurse must besides be able to acknowledge the early marks and symptoms of infiltration and extravasation and act quickly and efficaciously to restrict tissue harm. The first mark of possible escape of drugs into the tissues is pain and uncomfortableness. so patients must be informed of what symptoms to look out for and be asked to describe any alteration in esthesis every bit shortly as they are cognizant of it. Finally. accurate certification of the event is critical to ease patien t attention and in instance of judicial proceeding. hypertext transfer protocol: //faculty. mercer. edu/summervill_j/iv. htmhypertext transfer protocol: //www. ivteam. com/iv-therapy-extravasation-and-infiltration/

The Adventures Of Sojourner Essays - Spaceflight, Spacecraft

The Adventures Of Sojourner Essays - Spaceflight, Spacecraft The Adventures Of Sojourner The Adventures Of Sojouner by Susi Trauntmann Wunsch is a fascinating story about a mission to mars. The Sojouner is a little remote-control rover, know bigger then a breadbox. The Sojourner explores the outer banks of mars, collecting pictures and information. But how Sojourner got to mars is also a very involved and amazing project. The Pathfinder is the machine that lands the Sojourner. When the Pathfinder first landed it took a picture. When the people back at NASA received it 10 minutes later the saw two rocks that were different from the other rocks. This book is fascinating and it raised some interesting questions. For instance is there going to be another mission conducted again? Will they create a different landing process? I would recommend this book to a friend because a friend recommend it to me and it was great. It was very interesting. They had astonishing pictures.

CHANGE MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

CHANGE MANAGEMENT - Essay Example The organisation is undergoing change in the management structure in order to acquire better efficiency. The organisation was unable to reach the target population and was also incapable of reaching the desired target. Thus, a change has been proposed which can help to make significant differences in operational system. The objective of the essay is to describe the change procedure of Children and Young People Service by using different change management models and theories. Description of Change Process The change process of Children and Young People Service has occurred through three phases. The first phase involves understanding the reasons for restructuring in the organisation. In this phase, a proposal has been made and justification for change has been developed. In the second phase, management team has been developed and change management models have been selected. The management team evaluated the present operational structure and established new operational structure on the basis of proposed objectives. ... While changes occur to individuals’ jobs, and at times they disagree with the change, alteration is internal in nature and it occurs in the mind of individuals during the change process. Thus, it helps to deal with the sentiments of individuals throughout the change process (Bridges & Mitchell, 2012). A weakness of the model is that it cannot be considered as a substitute for other approaches for change management. Moreover, the model cannot be regarded as an independent model for change management (Bridges & Mitchell, 2012). Strengths and Weakness of ADKAR Model The key strength of this model is that it delivers valuable management specifications which directly deal with people related aspects of change. Besides, this model permits for concentrating on those functions which are useful for accomplishing the desired outcome (Hiatt, 2006). However, one significant weakness of this model is that it fails to differentiate between the roles of leadership and management; it simply i gnores the requirement of leadership and concentrates on managing the change (Hiatt, 2006). Identification and Description of Models used in Change Management ADKAR Model of Change in Planning In the change management of Children and Young People Service, it can be recognised that ADKAR model of change has been followed within the planning process. ADKAR model states that in order to plan any kind of change, at first, there is a need for generating the desire for change among the members of organisation. Without proper desire the organisational members will be unable to participate in the change process and the change will become a failure. Awareness

American Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

American Literature - Essay Example These four pieces have been selected carefully to cover the most crucial aspects of the American lifestyle and the culture of the American society in general. The Godfather, The Great Gatsby, The Long GoodBye and The Social Network are four pieces which have been used in the paper to find out various patterns regarding the American way of life. All of these pieces are focusing a particular point in the history of America, where certain fads were apparent and various lawsuits had their own effects of the society, thus all such aspect will be covered in the paper. For instance, The Great Gatsby particularly focused on the post World War I period when the American Elites had their own way of life as they were highly indulged in a luxurious lifestyle full of lust and obsession with the material things. Similarly, The Godfather focuses on the post WWII period which represents a period of transition by portraying the story of a Mafia family which suffers badly due to the changes in the sys tem how the Mafia system works. Also, The Long Goodbye is another post WWII Classic literary piece which also tries to portray the world of Drug Mafia and the perils of the system prevailing at that time in the American way of life. The Social Network, however, is a completely new and a recent composition which reflects the current trends of the American lifestyle. ... The lust for money makes them even greedier; also the urge to flaunt their wealth in front of others makes their lives fall apart in the long run. Secondly, American lawsuits have always inflicted major problems in the system, and when the Americans try to use illegal methods, problem are further complicated. Also, all of the pieces tend to show a slight transition in the American culture, and they portray that change is inevitable, however the change brings along various implications which are hard to resolve. It was perceived that the virtual world which minimize the problems, however, this was never the case as reflected in the paper. To make generalizations regarding the American way of life via the literary texts composed by highly reputable artists it is first important to analyze the pieces one by one. â€Å"The Great Gatsby† is the classic and one of the most popular books composed by Scott Fitzgerald. The author has incorporated all kinds of evils as well as the good about the American society during the time, by introducing many different characters and connecting those though different stories. The novel is more of roller-coaster ride where events are events reveal various aspects, and the scariest ones, thereby creating a realistic scenario of the time. The story revolves around two main characters, i.e. Nick and Gatsby, however many different supporting characters have also been introduced. Nick was a war veteran who plans to shift to the city to make use of the metropolitan life to make some money. On doing so, he happens to live next to Gatsby, who is a millionaire and throws the most lavish parties in now every now and then. Nick also gets to meet Daisy, who was rather Gatsby`s cousin, and both Daisy and Gatsby also a love affair

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Development strategy - Assignment Example These are what the typical demand of occupiers is currently. Occupiers also challenge developers to meet their power load reduction goals. Therefore occupiers demand that developers ensure that they meet modern mandates and energy conservation goals. They must therefore ensure transmission, generation, and distribution entities work together effectively. Occupiers also demand that available load demand side management assets are identified and unified and hosted DSM is provided for utilities throughout the distribution of infrastructure (Egan, 2002). Occupiers demand that energy requirements in buildings be reduced and sourced alternatively. They also need energy conservation solution with benefits such as: insight and visibility from generation to device unifying data throughout ecosystem of the energy; achieve compliance and reduction of load through the unified controls which execute and measure created diverse load control programs; cost savings through controlling peak charges; rapid adoption allowing utilities to participate in centralized programs; and future proofing with standard based system device agnostic supporting hardware legacy, data sources and applications. These demands must be met by developers. Analyses of how today’s energy requirements in buildings can be reduced and alternatively sourced. ... Another way to reduce energy demands and source energy alternatively is via the use of renewable energy generations to eliminate or reduce further their emissions of greenhouse gas in use. Evidence has it that buildings are responsible for around 45% of carbon dioxide emissions in the UK. Therefore good building designs can cut energy bills and carbon dioxide emissions by almost two third. Developers therefore need to incorporate renewable energy in order to give the buildings producing no net carbon dioxide in use. The Management of Energy and Water Efficiency in Federal Buildings has established a facility project management and benchmarking framework. This enables developers to identify all â€Å"covered facilities† constituting at least 75 percent of the energy of the building in use. The framework also demands that an energy manager be designated at every one building covered. Developers are encouraged to implement the identified water and energy efficiency measures. Deve lopers are mandated to ensure that their new buildings hit a long term zero net energy goal by 2025. New buildings also need to be located in places that regulate its illumination and temperatures, for example around hills, landscaping and trees in order to block wind and provide shade. In addition, buildings in cooler climates should be designed with south facing windows so as to increase the amount heat energy (sun) that enters the building. This minimizes the use of energy through maximization of passive solar heating (Egan, 2002). Reducing energy requirement is a demand that is typical with occupiers, who also need the energy to be sourced from alternative means. In order to reduce energy

Dunkin Donuts Target Market Demographic Segmentation

Dunkin Donuts Target Market Demographic Segmentation Dunkins Donut is Americas favorite food and all-day stop for coffee and baked goods. It is a leading retailer of hot and iced regular coffee by the cup in America and it also the largest coffee and baked goods chain in the world. The original Dunkins Donuts was a single cup of coffee with a donut. Now Dunkins Donut offers a wide range of coffee or coffee related beverages, baked goods and an expanding all day Oven Toasted menu. But they still use their original proprietary coffee blend recipe established by its founder (Franchise Update Media Group 2010). Throughout Dunkin Donuts Companys planning, they always keep the customers interests in mind. They frequently refer to their mission statement which is increase customer satisfaction and loyalty by providing the fastest and most accurate service, the freshest products in the friendliest and cleanest environment. They accomplish this through teamwork, communication, honesty, fun and sharing experiences as they all grow together (Riverside Management 2006). Today, this philosophy still holds true and it is the foundation that has enabled Dunkin Donuts to grow into Americas favorite everyday, all-day stop for coffee and baked goods (Dunkin Donuts 2009). Consumer Decision Process Consumer behavior looks at the many reasons why people buy things and later dispose of them. Diagram 1 is showing about consumer will go through distinct buying phases when they purchase products (Tanner, J. et al [No Date]) Dunkin Donuts has marketed itself as selling coffee for people on the go and their slogan is America runs on Dunkin. Dunkin Donuts coffee is what people drink on the way to work while on the car or on the subway (MightyStudents.com 2010). When people rush the time go to work but hungry, they will go to Dunkin Donuts because Dunkin Donuts easy take away and replenishing the energy of them. When consumer needs to buy something, they will do something information search and make automatic purchase decisions. It is because Dunkin Donuts coffee is a low-involvement product and it carries a low risk of failure and has a low price tag for a specific individual or group making the decision (Tanner, J. et al [No Date]). Consumer will receive the information of Dunkin Donuts from neighbors, colleagues, friend or advertisements. The outputs of information processing are the belief, attitude that shape decisions and the intentions that predispose certain actions. In beverage, consumers have many choices to choose which one coffee brand they want. The logo of Dunkin Donuts is pink and orange colour and these colour is memorable everywhere and also has a small cup of hot coffee (CBS Interactive 2010). The price of Dunkin Donuts coffee is less expensive pastry and beverage offerings are made to attract a fast on the move crowd (MightyStudents.com 2010). In beverage industry, Dunkin Donuts coffee will face many competitors and their largest competitor is Starbucks coffee. Consumer still will choose Dunkin Donuts coffee because they have good service for their customer. Besides that, Dunkin Donuts coffee has a reputation for brewing high quality coffee. It is because they use 100% Arabica coffee beans and has its own coffee specifications, which are recognized by the industry as a superior grade of coffee however Dunkin Donuts coffee still is less expenses for consumer (Alex Compton 2007). Finally, consumer will decide whether Dunkin Donuts coffee their purchased is everything it was cracked up to be. If not, they will like to suffer whats called post-purchase dissonance, so they will rethink their decision after purchasing products and wonder (Tanner, J. et al [No Date]). Dunkin Donuts need to try the prevent buyers remorse, so they have a customer service to help their customer to solve their problem. The customer service also will receive any suggestion from their customer and get the new idea to strengthen their business. In conclusion, consumer decision process does not end when a purchase has been made. The most important of all from a marketing viewpoint is whether the consumer will buy the selected brand again on a later purchase occasion (Baker, M.J. 1999, -). Consumer Buying Influences of Dunkin Donuts Consumers buying is influenced by four major psychological factors that are perception, learning, motivation and attitudes. Perception Perception is a process that begins with consumer exposure and attention to marketing stimuli and ends with consumer interpretation. Diagram 2 is showing about the nature of perception. Stimuli Exposure Attention Interpretation Memory Purchase Consumption Decision In Asia countries when people heard about Dunkin Donuts, they just know Dunkin Donuts is selling donuts. It is the donuts word will let them link to this beverage food main product is donuts not the coffee. But expect Asia country, they will know the Dunkin Donuts main product is coffee. This is why they need communication to reach consumers first and resulting in activating one or more senses, therefore consumer exposure is the start of preliminary processing. Dunkin Donuts coffee is well-known for their advertising and become popular culture references (WorldLingo Translations LLC 2010). Dunkin Donuts will through different ways to promote their coffee such as billboards, television adverts, magazines, sides of bus and the others. It is because they need to generate increased consumption their coffee. For example, Dunkin Donuts use the bus advertising to promote their coffee. They choose this advertising because it is large advertisement areas, novelty interest, high mobility and it can available for corporate hire (Bus Advertising 2006). Nowadays, most people live in an environment that is filled with sensory stimuli but their capacity to handle this information is limited (OpenLearningWorld 2010). So, Dunkin Donuts try to exploit that situation to their advantage before to leave an impact in their consumer (Himansu, S.M. 2009). It is why Dunkin Donuts have their own graphic logo and their shows a tall coffee cup and hot pink and orange colour company name. These two colour are energetic, dynamic and fast, consumer will easy pay attention in their coffee when consumer see these two colour (Logo Design Works 2010). On the other hand, the often situation, condition, environment or the surrounding of the consumer have an effect on its attention of certain stimuli. In America, Dunkin Donuts consumption object type is office worker and normal worker. So, Dunkin Donuts stores with limited seating as well as its less expensive pastry and beverage offerings are made to attract a fast, on the move crowd (MightyStudents.com 2010). When consumer rush the time go to work, then they remind Dunkin Donuts coffee and go to buy it. Interpretation is Dunkin Donuts coffees message which to attention the attracted and further analyses in terms of categories of meaning stored in memory (Lombard, A. 2007). Dunkin Donuts and their coffee are symbolic value for consumer and they will attempt to preserve or enhance Dunkin Donuts coffee. Hence, product and service image is very important for Dunkin Donuts in their business. Motivation In the motivation theory, we can use Abraham Maslows Hierarchy for Dunkin Donuts coffee because this theory is driven by the existence of unsatisfied needs. Through about Maslows theory, Dunkin Donuts coffee is belong to physiological needs. Food and water are very important for all of people and Dunkin Donuts is providing coffee and donut to consumer. Therefore, they can get the energy from Dunkin Donuts coffee and carry on their activity. Figure 3 is an advertisement which is cognitive preservation motive in McGuires psychological motives and it is the need for objectification of consumer. In this advertisement have a person who wear Dunkin Donuts coffee cup and run on the ways. This action is mating about Dunkin Donuts slogan and promotes their coffee, then can strengthen consumer impression Learning, Memory and Retrieval Learning is a behavioral modification that occurs through experience or conditioning and it included with thinking, conditioning and modeling (IBS Center for Management Research 2010). Advertising is a method which will be use by all of business because advertising will easy let consumer to remember their product. Consumer will easy pay attention for this advertisement because this advertisement is colourful and quite especial, then they will want know what is the mean about the America Runs on Dunkin. After that, consumer will start to analysis the product is good or not. They will use different method to measure the value of the product with other same type product. After that, consumer will remember Dunkin Donuts coffee in their mind. When consumer see people running, they will quickly association Dunkin Donuts slogan then they will got desire need to drink the coffee and go to buy. Attitudes Consumer attitudes are composite of a consumers beliefs, feeling and behavioral intentions toward some object. All of them are viewed together since they are highly interdependent and together represent forces that influence how the consumer will react to the object (Lars Perner 2010). Consumer belief Dunkin Donuts coffee can come from newspapers, television, listening radio, internet and cognitive process. America is a busy country and Dunkin Donuts coffee is what you drink when you are on the go, so consumer will go to buy Dunkin Donuts coffee when they rush their time to work or else. After consumers consume Dunkin Donuts coffee, they will get some feeling with this coffee. They will think why Dunkin Donuts coffee is so nice and the price also cheap. In addition, the advertising and another consumer comment, it can reinforce the Dunkin Donuts coffee image. Finally, they will choose Dunkin Donuts coffee because they got the affirmation from Dunkin Donuts coffee. Consumer Environment of Dunkin Donuts Culture and Subculture America is a coffee culture and American need drink coffee every morning before they start their work. Besides that, America is freedom country because all of national of America is very recognition of personal freedom. In consumption, they got entitlement to choose anything they want or need. In order to suitable this culture, Dunkin Donuts coffee given their customer many choice in their menu. Dunkin Donuts not only have different type of coffee, they also have different type of donuts, fancies, munchkins and sticks. Therefore, consumer got many different choices to choose when they need to consumption in Dunkin Donuts. Group Age group can be analyzed as subculture because they often have distinctive values and behaviors. American teenage population has been gaining affluence and fluctuating in size (Peter, J.P., et al 1999, pg304). Dunkin Donuts coffee will be flourishing in teen market because price of them very cheap but high quality. It is because its easy, filling and convenient. Nowadays in America, teenagers parent is busy in their work and they not more extra time to prepare home-cooking meal for them. Teenager also the limited budget and Dunkin Donuts is less expensive then they got the consume power. Lifestyle America is a busy country, so for the most part they want their food to be quick, convenient and cheap. Americans like thing that are fast and easy, requiring minimal personal or economic sacrifice, regardless of whether they buy it at supermarket or fast food franchise (The Kerr Center, 2010). Dunkin Donuts coffee is let people drink on the way to work, while on the car or on the subway, so Dunkin Donuts coffee is what you drink when you are on the go. Hence, Dunkin Donuts stores with limited seating as well as its less expensive pastry and beverage offerings are made to attract a fast, on the move crowd (MightyStudents.com 2010). PEST Analysis of Dunkin Donuts (P)olitical Americas government will establish Environment Protection Agency to charge with protecting human health and the environment (KOSMIXTM CORPORATION 2010). Dunkin Donuts unveiled its first LEED certified restaurant in Florida and LEED is recognized as the standard for green construction in America. LEED features are energy-efficient insulated concrete foam walls to reduce air conditioning, energy-efficient lighting, including motion sensors for restrooms and offices. They also identifying designated areas within the restaurant for storage/collection of recyclable materials. It is because they want going to do it in a way that is environmentally friendly for the people who live and work in America (DD IP Holder LLC 2010). (E)conomic America has an advanced industrial economy that is highly mechanized and the gross national product is the largest in the world. They more than meet its own economic needs and is the worlds leading exporter of food. The vast majority of businesses in America are clustered within the service industry, especially fast food business (Advameg Inc 2010). Therefore, Dunkin Donuts coffee in America will face many competitors such as McDonald, Starbucks and the other. It is because they marketing strategy are similar and all of them are attach importance to their service attitude and speed. (S)ocial The social classes for consumer analysis are upper Americans (14%), middle class (32%), working class (38%) and lower Americans (16%). Working Americans are family folk depending heavily on relatives for economic and emotional support (Peter, J.P., et al 1999, pg318). Dunkin Donuts coffee is what you drink when you are on the go, so they can save many times to do another things. It also is high quality but low cost of pastry and beverage offering are made to attract a fast on the crowd (MightyStudents.com 2010). Hence, all of American social class can consume. (T)echnological America is a technologically advanced country and it becomes an opportunity for Dunkin Donuts coffee in their business. Therefore, Dunkin Donuts coffee should always look forward to develop and improve its technological facilities in order to differentiate themselves in their use of technology. Dunkin Donuts unveiled Dunkin Run, an interactive Website and iPhone application the chain and it will enable customers to solicit and place Dunkin Donuts group orders in just a few clicks with unprecedented ease, speed, accuracy and fun. Consumers can a group to order with www.DunkinRun.com through their computer or mobile device to view the Dunkin Donuts coffee menu. All Dunkin Donuts core coffee, foods and beverages are presented using interactive product images to make personalizing an order all of them is simple and fun (Stagnito Media 2010). Global In global, many country people such as Asian will not consume on Dunkin Donuts. It is because in their first image Dunkin Donuts is selling donuts, so they will not want to consume. They prefer like to drink tea, Nescafe, Milo and others. Marketing Mix of Dunkin Donuts Dunkin Donuts adopted marketing strategies in four main areas, namely product, price, promotion, and place in America market. Table 1 is showing about Marketing Mix of Dunkin Donuts coffee in America. Product Dunkin Donuts is the largest coffee and baked goods chain in the world. They use high quality of their coffee and they have many choice can let their customer to choose. Starbucks is the largest competitor for Dunkin Donuts in the beverage business. Price In price, Dunkin Donuts is less expenses and their customer base is middle class people. Therefore, most of people can consume it. Promotion In promotion, they offer a holiday coupon in the month of December and they have their own logo and slogan. Besides that, they will prepare set lunch for their customer. Their other promotion method: television, newspaper, website, and the others. Place Dunkin Donuts is LEED certified restaurant and their stores is limited seating. STP Statement Market Segmentation As of 2009, America claimed 307,006,550 inhabitants within the area of 79.6 sq.km (US Census Bureau 2010). Besides that, America is a very urbanized population with 81% residing in cities. Dunkin Donuts key market segments are student, worker, kids and families. Location of Dunkin Donuts is restaurant outlet in the shopping mall at orchard road. Targeting Characteristics of target consumer for Dunkin Donuts coffee have three characteristics and it is age 18-25 years old, age 25 years old above and family. Table 3 is showing about characteristics of target consumer. Characteristics of target consumer Reasons for targeting: Age 18-25 years old This entire group is teenager student and young worker and they are limited budget Age 25 years old above They are heavy restaurant user group due to busy working lifestyles and they have relatively high incomes and are more flexible in their budgets. Businessman This group do not perceive Dunkin Donuts coffee is a luxury food and it is easy take away food when they rush the time go to work. Positioning Dunkin Donuts is positioning itself as a brand of choice nationally and internationally. The companys philosophy is make and serve the freshest, most delicious coffee and donuts quickly and courteously in modern, well-merchandised stores (DD IP Holder LLC, 2010). This philosophy enabled Dunkin Donuts coffee to grow into Americas favorite everyday and all day stop for coffee and baked good. It is leading retailer of hot and iced regular coffee by the cup in America and the largest coffee and baked goods chain in the world (Dunkin Donuts 2009). Today, more than 50% of Americans consume coffee on a daily basis and drink an average of 3 cups per day. Dunkin Donuts coffee is the most popular coffee franchise in America and helps to support this habit by serving nearly 1 billion cups coffee each year (Natural Bias 2009). Branding In Asia countries, when people heard about Dunkin Donuts, they just know Dunkin Donuts is selling donuts. It is because this brand calls Dunkin Donuts and the donuts word will let them link to this beverage food main product is donuts not the coffee. Dunkin Donuts brand has traditionally stood for hot coffee. Today, Dunkin Donuts is a global conglomerate that houses its own brand as well as quick service restaurant brands Baskin Robbins and Togos (Brand Channel 2010). It operates as a quick service restaurant franchiser in the coffee, bakery and ice-cream segments in the America and internationally (Bloomberg L.P 2010). In addition, their internal compass points toward their core values of honesty, transparency, humility, integrity, respect, fairness and responsibility (DD IP Holder LLC 2010). Hence, Dunkin Donuts franchiser boats high brand awareness and it ranked the first in customer loyalty in the coffee category in the Brand Keys Customer Loyalty Engagement Index (AllBusiness 2009). Conclusion As a conclusion, with the launching of Starbucks, they are opening a new window towards a better future for their customer and also the company. This is why Starbucks can be leading the world in the America fast coffee market. On the other hand, Dunkin Donuts coffee has used their consumer information to determine the market trend and new ways to grow their company. This is why Dunkin Donuts will be in a better position to target their products and services at them.